Huddie Ledbetter, aka Leadbelly
Huddie William Ledbetter
was born on January 29, 1885 on the Jeter Plantation near Mooringsport,
Louisiana. He was the only child of his parents Wesley and Sally. Huddie
and his parents moved to Leigh, Texas when he was five and it was there
that he became interested in music, encouraged by his uncle Terrell who
bought Huddie his first musical instrument, an accordion.
It was some years later when Huddie picked up the guitar but by the age
of 21 he had left home to wander around Texas and Louisiana trying to make
his living as a musician. Over the next ten years Huddie wandered throughout
the southwest eking out an existence by playing guitar when he could and
working as a laborer when he had to.
Huddie Ledbetter was the world's greatest cotton picker, railroad track
liner, lover, and drinker as well as guitar player. This assertion came
from no less an authority on the matter than Huddie himself. Since not everyone
agreed with his opinion Huddie frequently found himself obliged to convince
them. His convincing frequently landed him in jail.
In 1916 Huddie was in jail in Texas on assault charges when he escaped.
He spent the next two years under the alias of Walter Boyd. But then after
he killed a man in a fight he was convicted of murder and sentenced to thirty
years of hard labor at Huntsville, Texas' Shaw State Prison Farm. After
seven years he was released after begging pardon from the governor with
a song:
Please, Governor Neff, Be good 'n' kind
Have mercy on my great long time...
I don't see to save my soul
If I don't get a pardon, try me on a parole...
If I had you, Governor Neff, like you got me
I'd wake up in the mornin' and I'd set you free
Pat Neff was convinced by the song and by Huddie's assurances that he'd
seen the error of his ways. Huddie left Huntsville a free man. But in 1930
he was arrested, tried, and convicted of attempted homicide.
It was in the Louisiana
State Penitentiary in July 1933 that Huddie met folklorist John Lomax and
his son Alan who were touring the south for the Library of Congress collecting
unwritten ballads and folk songs using newly available recording technology.
The Lomaxes had discovered that Southern prisons were among the best places
to collect work songs, ballads, and spirituals but Leadbelly, as he now
called himself, was a particular find.
Over the next few days the Lomaxes recorded hundreds of songs. When they
returned in the summer of 1934 for more recordings Leadbelly told them of
his pardon in Texas. As Allen Lomax tells it, "We agreed to make a
record of his petition on the other side of one of his favorite ballads,
'Goodnight Irene'. I took the record to Governor Allen on July 1. On August
1 Leadbelly got his pardon. On September 1 I was sitting in a hotel in Texas
when I felt a tap on my shoulder. I looked up and there was Leadbelly with
his guitar, his knife, and a sugar bag packed with all his earthly belongings.
He said, 'Boss, you got me out of jail and now I've come to be your man'"
In 1935 Lomax took Leadbelly North where he became a sensation. Leadbelly
remained Leadbelly. After hearing Cab Calloway sing in Harlem he announced
that he could "beat that man singin' every time". His inclination
toward violent resolution of conflicts, though mellowed, lead to threatening
Lomax with a knife which effectively ended their friendship. Nevertheless
by 1940 Leadbelly had become well known in the recording industry. Over
the next 9 years Leadbelly's fame and success continued to increase until
he fell ill while on a European Tour. Tests revealed that he suffered from
lateral sclerosis and he died on December 6, 1949.
Adapted from the liner notes to "Leadbelly, Alabama Bound"
by executive producer Billy Altman, on RCA Records.
Related Links to Leadbelly and the Blues
Last updated Tuesday February 25, 1997